Modeling the Parker instability in a rotating plasma screw pinch

TL;DR

This paper investigates the Parker instability in a rotating plasma screw pinch, combining analytical and numerical methods to identify conditions for magnetic buoyancy effects in a controlled experimental setting.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to simulate and analyze the Parker instability in a rotating plasma, highlighting the roles of magnetic fields, Mach number, and Coriolis force.

Findings

Magnetic buoyancy dominates at high Mach numbers (M>5).

Curvature effects cause instability at low Mach numbers (M<1).

Coriolis force stabilizes the plasma at intermediate Mach numbers (1<M<5).

Abstract

We analytically and numerically study the analogue of the Parker (magnetic buoyancy) instability in a uniformly rotating plasma screw pinch confined in a cylinder. Uniform plasma rotation is imposed to create a centrifugal acceleration, which mimics the gravity required for the classical Parker instability. The goal of this study is to determine how the Parker instability could be unambiguously identified in a weakly magnetized, rapidly rotating screw pinch, in which the rotation provides an effective gravity and a radially varying azimuthal field is controlled to give conditions for which the plasma is magnetically buoyant to inward motion. We show that an axial magnetic field is also required to circumvent conventional current driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities such as the sausage and kink modes that would obscure the Parker instability. These conditions can be realized in the Madison Plasma Couette Experiment (MPCX). Simulations are performed using the extended MHD code NIMROD for an isothermal compressible plasma model. Both linear and nonlinear regimes of the instability are studied, and the results obtained for the linear regime are compared with analytical results from a slab geometry. Based on this comparison, it is found that in a cylindrical pinch the magnetic buoyancy mechanism dominates at relatively large Mach numbers (M>5), while at low Mach numbers (M<1) the instability is due to the curvature of magnetic field lines. At intermediate values of Mach number (1<M<5) the Coriolis force has a strong stabilizing effect on the plasma. A possible scenario for experimental demonstration of the Parker instability in MPCX is discussed.