Machian gravity and a cosmology without dark matter and dark energy

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Machian cosmological model that explains the universe's acceleration and dark components without invoking dark matter or dark energy, aligning with observational data from BBN and CMB.

Contribution

It proposes a new Machian-based cosmological model that naturally accounts for dark matter and dark energy phenomena without ad-hoc components.

Findings

Model fits Planck+WP data well.

Explains excess effective neutrino species.

Accounts for higher Helium mass fraction.

Abstract

The standard model of cosmology is based on the general theory of relativity and demands more than 95\% of the universe to consist of dark matter and dark energy that has no direct observational evidence till date. The foundation of the concept these dark components are based on a fixed relation between the strength of the gravitational field and the matter density. Alternate models are put forward in past to explain the observations without dark components in the universe. Though they have their own merits and draw backs. In this paper we propose a new cosmological model based on Mach's principle. It provides a similar cosmology as that of the standard cosmological model without any ad-hoc dark matter or dark energy. We show that the theory naturally provides some geometric terms that behave like dark mater and dark energy and dark radiation. The presence of dark radiation provides new observational features in cosmology. We show that the theory is supported by observational data from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Microwave Background, and provides an explanations for excess number of effective neutrino species and higher Helium mass fraction in the universe. We also calculate the best fit cosmological parameters for our model using Planck+WP data.