The evolution of the X-ray emission of HH 2 - Investigating heating and cooling processes

TL;DR

This study uses multi-epoch X-ray observations to investigate the heating and cooling mechanisms in HH 2, concluding that radiative cooling dominates and explaining the X-ray emission through shock interactions.

Contribution

First detailed proper-motion and cooling analysis of HH 2's X-ray emission, clarifying dominant cooling processes and shock origins.

Findings

X-ray luminosity remains constant over time.

Cooling is dominated by radiative losses with timescales over a decade.

X-ray emission explained by a shock from fast material colliding with slower gas.

Abstract

Young stellar objects often drive powerful bipolar outflows which evolve on time scales of a few years. An increasing number of these outflows has been detected in X-rays implying the existence of million degree plasma almost co-spatial with the lower temperature gas observed in the optical and near-IR. The details of the heating and cooling processes of the X-ray emitting part of these so-called Herbig-Haro objects are still ambiguous, e.g., whether the cooling is dominated by expansion, radiation or thermal conduction. We present a second epoch Chandra observation of the first X-ray detected Herbig-Haro object (HH 2) and derive the proper-motion of the X-ray emitting plasma and its cooling history. We argue that the most likely explanation for the constancy of the X-ray luminosity, the alignment with the optical emission and the proper-motion is that the cooling is dominated by radiative losses leading to cooling times exceeding a decade. We explain that a strong shock caused by fast material ramming into slower gas in front of it about ten years ago can explain the X-ray emission while being compatible with the available multi-wavelength data of HH 2.