The second law of thermodynamics can never be violated for all time- and space-scales

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the second law of thermodynamics cannot be violated at any time or scale, even when considering a hypothetical supernatural Maxwell's demon without work restrictions.

Contribution

It introduces an analytic approach based on Newton's third law to prove the inviolability of the second law across all scales.

Findings

Maxwell's demon cannot violate the second law at any scale.

The developed method analyzes entropy via forward and reverse trajectories.

Physico-chemical processes at short timescales uphold the second law.

Abstract

Maxwell's demon was created with abilities to violate the second law of thermodynamics. But the demon always fell short of doing so because of the imposed restrictive condition that reads, the demon needs to do "work". Therefore, you can always preserve the second law by default. Here, we encounter the supernatural demon (without the above restriction) right at the melting point, and unambiguously expose why the demon is still doomed to fail for all time- and space-scales. This means that the second law of thermodynamics can never be violated. We develop an analytic strategy (based on Newton's third law) to properly analyze the entropy in a chemical system with respect to forward and reverse trajectories. We also explain the physico-chemical processes that are responsible at very short timescales.