Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring or in a shell

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties, stability, and vortex behavior of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in ring-shaped and spherical shell traps, considering anisotropic interactions and different trap orientations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of anisotropic density distributions and stability conditions of dipolar BECs in ring and shell geometries, including vortex states, using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii framework.

Findings

Density distributions are highly anisotropic due to dipolar interactions.

Stability regions depend on the balance between dipolar and contact interactions.

Vortex dipolar BECs exhibit unique properties in ring and shell traps.

Abstract

We study properties of a trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a circular ring or a spherical shell using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In the case of the ring-shaped trap we consider different orientations of the ring with respect to the polarization direction of the dipoles. In the presence of long-range anisotropic dipolar and short-range contact interactions, the anisotropic density distribution of the dipolar BEC in both traps is discussed in detail. The stability condition of the dipolar BEC in both traps is illustrated in phase plot of dipolar and contact interactions. We also study and discuss the properties of a vortex dipolar BEC in these traps.