Optical photometric and spectral study of the new FU Orionis object V2493 Cyg (HBC 722)

TL;DR

This study presents optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the FU Orionis object V2493 Cyg, documenting its brightness variations and spectral features to confirm its classification as an FU Orionis star.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed optical photometric and spectroscopic analysis of V2493 Cyg during its outburst, including historical light curve reconstruction and spectral characterization.

Findings

V2493 Cyg exhibits typical FU Orionis spectral features.

The star's brightness increased during the outburst and then decreased, consistent with FU Orionis behavior.

Spectral lines show strong P Cyg profiles indicative of stellar winds.

Abstract

We present new results from optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the eruptive pre-main sequence star V2493 Cyg (HBC 722). The object has continued to undergo significant brightness variations over the past few months and is an ideal target for follow-up observations. We carried out CCD BVRI photometric observations in the field of V2493 Cyg ("Gulf of Mexico") from August 1994 to April 2012, i.e. at the pre-outburst states and during the phases of the outburst. We acquired high, medium, and low resolution spectroscopy of V2493 Cyg during the outburst. To study the pre-outburst variability of the target and construct its historical light curve, we searched for archival observations in photographic plate collections. Both CCD and photographic observations were analyzed using 15 comparison stars in the field of V2493 Cyg. The pre-outburst photographic and CCD photometric observations of V2493 Cyg show low-amplitude light variations typical of T Tauri stars. The recent photometric data show a slow light decrease from October 2010 to June 2011 followed by an increase in brightness that continued until early 2012. The spectral observations of V2493 Cyg are typical of FU Orionis stars absorption spectra with strong P Cyg profiles of H alpha and Na I D lines. On the basis of photometric monitoring performed over the past two years, the spectral properties at the maximal light, as well as the shape of long-term light curves, we confirm that the observed outburst of V2493 Cyg is of FU Orionis type.