Quantum public-key algorithms to encrypt and authenticate quantum messages with information-theoretic security

TL;DR

This paper introduces quantum public-key cryptosystems that enable secure encryption and authentication of quantum messages, achieving information-theoretic security and exponential tampering resistance.

Contribution

It presents a general construction of quantum public-key encryption and authentication schemes with information-theoretic security, including a novel authentication scheme for quantum messages.

Findings

Constructed an information-theoretic secure quantum public-key encryption scheme.

Developed a quantum public-key authentication scheme with exponential tampering resistance.

Showed that each quantum public-key corresponds to an exponential number of classical public-keys.

Abstract

Public-key cryptosystems for quantum messages are considered from two aspects: public-key encryption and public-key authentication. Firstly, we propose a general construction of quantum public-key encryption scheme, and then construct an information-theoretic secure instance. Then, we propose a quantum public-key authentication scheme, which can protect the integrity of quantum messages. This scheme can both encrypt and authenticate quantum messages. It is information-theoretic secure with regard to encryption, and the success probability of tampering decreases exponentially with the security parameter with regard to authentication. Compared with classical public-key cryptosystems, one private-key in our schemes corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys, and every quantum public-key used by the sender is an unknown quantum state to the sender.