First measurement of low momentum dielectrons radiated off cold nuclear matter

TL;DR

This study provides the first high-statistics measurement of low-momentum dielectron emission from cold nuclear matter in proton-induced reactions, revealing modifications in vector meson spectral functions consistent with in-medium effects.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed measurement sensitive to vector meson spectral function changes in cold nuclear matter at low momenta, using high-resolution dielectron spectra.

Findings

Strong modification of dielectron mass spectra at low momenta

Evidence for rho-like contributions and omega suppression

Indications of in-medium vector meson modifications

Abstract

We present data on dielectron emission in proton induced reactions on a Nb target at 3.5 GeV kinetic beam energy measured with HADES installed at GSI. The data represent the first high statistics measurement of proton-induced dielectron radiation from cold nuclear matter in a kinematic regime, where strong medium effects are expected. Combined with the good mass resolution of 2%, it is the first measurement sensitive to changes of the spectral functions of vector mesons, as predicted by models for hadrons at rest or small relative momenta. Comparing the e+e invariant mass spectra to elementary p+p data, we observe for e+e momenta Pee < 0.8 GeV/c a strong modification of the shape of the spectrum, which we attribute to an additional rho-like contribution and a decrease of omega yield. These opposite trends are tentatively interpreted as a strong coupling of the rho meson to baryonic resonances and an absorption of the omega meson, which are two aspects of in-medium modification of vector mesons.