90 GHz Continuum Observations of Messier 66

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution 90 GHz observations of Messier 66 to confirm that free-free emission dominates at this frequency, aligning with star-formation rates derived from other wavelengths, and finds no evidence for curved synchrotron spectra.

Contribution

First high-resolution 90 GHz observations of Messier 66 demonstrating free-free emission dominance and validating star-formation rate estimates from multiple wavelengths.

Findings

Free-free emission accounts for 76-90% of 90 GHz luminosity.

Observed data are consistent with all emission being free-free.

No evidence supports curved synchrotron spectra over power-law models.

Abstract

Radio emission at around 90 GHz from star-forming galaxies is expected to be strongly dominated by the free-free component due to ionising radiation from massive, short-lived, stars. We present high surface-brightness sensitivity observations at 90 GHz of the nearby star-forming galaxy Messier 66 with resolution of about 9 arcsec (corresponding to a physical scale of about 500 pc) and analyse these observations in combination with archival lower frequency radio and mid-infrared measurements. For the four regions for which the observations support our models we find that the free-free component indeed dominates the emission at 90 GHz, making up 76--90 per cent of the luminosity at this frequency but with the data also consistent with all of the emission being due to free-free. The estimates of free-free luminosities are also consistent, within measurement and decomposition errors, with star-formation rates derived from lower radio frequencies and mid-infrared observations. In our analysis we consider both power-law and curved spectra for the synchrotron component but do not find evidence to support the curved model in preference to the power-law.