Testing MOND Over a Wide Acceleration Range in X-Ray Ellipticals

TL;DR

This study tests MOND in elliptical galaxies NGC 720 and NGC 1521 across a wide acceleration range, finding that MOND accurately predicts their mass profiles and supports its viability over dark matter explanations.

Contribution

First application of MOND testing in ellipticals with extensive acceleration data, demonstrating its predictive success in these systems.

Findings

MOND accurately predicts the dynamical mass profiles.

Measured accelerations span from >10a0 to ~a0/10.

Minor tension in the inner regions of NGC 720.

Abstract

The gravitational fields of two isolated ellipticals, NGC 720 and NGC 1521, have been recently measured to very large galactic radii (~100 and ~200 kpc), assuming hydrostatic balance of the hot gas enshrouding them. They afford, for the first time to my knowledge, testing MOND in ellipticals with force and quality that, arguably, approach those of rotation-curve tests in disk galaxies. In the context of MOND, it is noteworthy that the measured accelerations span a wide range, from more than 10a0 to about a0/10, unprecedented in individual ellipticals. I find that MOND predicts correctly the measured dynamical mass runs (apart from a possible minor tension in the inner few kpc of NGC 720, which might be due to departure from hydrostatic equilibrium): The predicted mass discrepancy increases outward from none, near the center, to ~10 at the outermost radii. The implications for the MOND-vs-dark-matter controversy go far beyond the simple fact of two more galaxies conforming to MOND.