Kinetic theory for systems of self-propelled particles with metric-free interactions

TL;DR

This paper develops a kinetic theory for self-propelled particles with metric-free interactions, revealing a continuous flocking transition without density band formation, contrasting with metric-based models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel Enskog-type kinetic theory for metric-free self-propelled particles and analyzes their phase transition to flocking.

Findings

No instabilities occur in the homogeneous ordered state.

The flocking transition is continuous.

Density bands do not form in metric-free models.

Abstract

A model of self-driven particles similar to the Vicsek model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 1226] but with metric-free interactions is studied by means of a novel Enskog-type kinetic theory. In this model, N particles of constant speed v0 try to align their travel directions with the average direction of a fixed number of closest neighbors. At strong alignment a global flocking state forms. The alignment is defined by a stochastic rule, not by a Hamiltonian. The corresponding interactions are of genuine multi-body nature. The theory is based on a Master equation in 3N-dimensional phase space, which is made tractable by means of the molecular chaos approximation. The phase diagram for the transition to collective motion is calculated and compared to direct numerical simulations. A linear stability analysis of a homogeneous ordered state is performed using the kinetic but not the hydrodynamic equations in order to achieve high accuracy. In contrast to the regular metric Vicsek-model no instabilities occur. This confirms previous direct simulations that for Vicsek-like models with metric-free interactions, there is no formation of density bands and that the flocking transition is continuous.