Mid-Infrared Selection of AGN with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. I. Characterizing WISE-Selected AGN in COSMOS

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple mid-infrared color criterion using WISE data to identify a large and diverse population of active galactic nuclei, including obscured types, in the COSMOS field.

Contribution

It presents a new, straightforward WISE color selection method that effectively finds both unobscured and obscured AGN, expanding the known AGN census.

Findings

Identifies 61.9 ± 5.4 AGN candidates per deg2 to W2=15.0.

Recovers 78% of Spitzer mid-infrared AGN candidates with 95% reliability.

Detects a broad range of AGN, including heavily obscured, Compton-thick sources.

Abstract

The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is an extremely capable and efficient black hole finder. We present a simple mid-infrared color criterion, W1-W2 \geq 0.8 (i.e., [3.4]-[4.6] \geq 0.8, Vega), which identifies 61.9 \pm 5.4 AGN candidates per deg2 to a depth of W2 = 15.0. This implies a much larger census of luminous AGN than found by typical wide-area surveys, attributable to the fact that mid-infrared selection identifies both unobscured (type 1) and obscured (type 2) AGN. Optical and soft X-ray surveys alone are highly biased towards only unobscured AGN, while this simple WISE selection likely identifies even heavily obscured, Compton-thick AGN. Using deep, public data in the COSMOS field, we explore the properties of WISE-selected AGN candidates. At the mid-infrared depth considered, 160 uJy at 4.6 microns, this simple criterion identifies 78% of Spitzer mid-infrared AGN candidates according to the criteria of Stern et al. (2005) and the reliability is 95%. We explore the demographics, multiwavelength properties and redshift distribution of WISE-selected AGN candidates in the COSMOS field.