TeV Scale Phenomenology of $e^+e^- \to\mu^+ \mu^-$ Scattering in the Noncommutative Standard Model with Hybrid Gauge Transformation

TL;DR

This paper explores the phenomenological implications of hybrid gauge transformations in noncommutative standard models, focusing on the $e^+e^- o \mu^+ \mu^-$ process at TeV energies, and suggests collider experiments could reveal noncommutative space-time effects.

Contribution

It introduces hybrid gauge transformations into the noncommutative standard model and analyzes their impact on muon pair production, highlighting observable effects at future colliders.

Findings

Hybrid gauge transformations lead to observable noncommutative effects in scattering cross sections.

Without hybrid transformations, noncommutative effects only contribute as phase factors, with no physical deviations.

Muon pair production at ILC can probe noncommutative space-time and gauge structure.

Abstract

The hybrid gauge transformation and its nontrivial phenomenological implications are investigated using the noncommutative gauge theory with the Seiberg-Witten map expanded scenario. Particularly, the $e^+e^- \to\mu^+ \mu^-$ process is studied with a generalized noncommutative standard model (NCSM) including massive neutrinos and neutrino-photon interaction. In this model, the hybrid gauge transformation in the lepton sector is naturally introduced through the requirement of gauge invariance of the seesaw neutrino mass term. It is shown that in the NCSM without hybrid gauge transformation the noncommutative correction to the scattering amplitude of the $e^+e^- \to\mu^+ \mu^-$ process appears only as a phase factor, predicting no new physical deviation in the cross section. However, when the hybrid feature is considered, the noncommutative effect appears in the single channel process. The cross section and angular distribution are analyzed in the laboratory frame including Earth's rotation. It is proposed that pair production of muons in the upcoming TeV International Linear Collider (ILC) can provide an ideal opportunity for exploring not only the NC space-time, but also the mathematical structure of the corresponding gauge theory.