Modeling the irregularities of solar cycle using flux transport dynamo models

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that flux transport dynamo models with stochastic fluctuations can replicate key irregularities of the solar cycle, including the Waldmeier effect and grand minima, especially with high turbulent diffusivity.

Contribution

It shows that incorporating stochastic fluctuations into flux transport dynamo models can reproduce solar cycle irregularities like the Waldmeier effect and grand minima.

Findings

Reproduces Waldmeier effect with stochastic dynamo models.

Successfully models grand minima using high turbulent diffusivity.

Highlights importance of turbulent diffusivity in solar cycle irregularities.

Abstract

The sunspot number varies roughly periodically with time. However the individual cycle durations and the amplitudes are found to vary in an irregular manner. It is observed that the stronger cycles are having shorter rise times and vice versa. This leads to an important effect know as the Waldmeier effect. Another important feature of the solar cycle irregularity are the grand minima during which the activity level is strongly reduced. We explore whether these solar cycle irregularities can be studied with the help of the flux transport dynamo model of the solar cycle. We show that with a suitable stochastic fluctuations in a regular dynamo model, we are able to reproduce many irregular features of the solar cycle including the Waldmeier effect and the grand minimum. However, we get all these results only if the value of the turbulent diffusivity in the convection zone is reasonably high.