Thermodynamics of Quantum Ultra-cold Neutron Gas under Gravity of The Earth

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of a quantum ultra-cold neutron gas under Earth's gravity, revealing increased temperature dependence of chemical potential and internal energy, and altered density distribution due to gravity.

Contribution

It provides a novel analysis of quantum ultra-cold neutron gas thermodynamics considering Earth's gravitational effects, which was not previously explored.

Findings

Quantum effects increase temperature dependence of chemical potential.

Internal energy is affected by Earth's gravity at low temperatures.

Density distribution of neutrons is modified by gravity.

Abstract

The stored ultra-cold neutrons have been developed. A high density ultra-cold neutron gas has been recently produced by using the nuclear spallation method. We investigate the thermodynamic properties of the quantum ultra-cold neutron gas in the Earth's gravitational field. We find that the quantum effects increase temperature dependence of the chemical potential and the internal energy in the low temperature region. The density distribution of quantum ultra-cold neutron gas is modified by the Earth's gravitational field.