(m,n)-type holographic dark energy models

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized class of holographic dark energy models characterized by parameters (m,n), capable of naturally evolving across the phantom divide and remaining stable under scalar perturbations.

Contribution

It proposes a new (m,n)-type holographic dark energy framework that extends agegraphic models and demonstrates their stability and dynamic evolution.

Findings

Models can cross the phantom divide without interaction.

Models are generally stable under scalar perturbations.

Applicable to generalized future event horizon scenarios.

Abstract

We construct $(m,n)$-type holographic dark energy models at a phenomenological level, which can be viewed as a generalization of agegraphic models with the conformal-like age as the holographic characteristic size. For some values of $(m,n)$ the holographic dark energy can automatically evolve across $\omega=-1$ into a phantom phase even without introducing an interaction between the dark energy and background matter. Our construction is also applicable to the holographic dark energy with generalized future event horizon as the characteristic size. Finally, we address the issue on the stability of our model and show that they are generally stable under the scalar perturbation.