Spatially resolved observations of warm ionized gas and feedback in local ULIRGs

TL;DR

This study uses spatially resolved spectroscopy to analyze warm ionized gas and feedback mechanisms in local ULIRGs, revealing outflows, rotation, and ionization gradients, providing insights into galaxy evolution and AGN activity.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed spatially resolved analysis of ionized gas kinematics and feedback in a diverse sample of local ULIRGs, linking outflows to AGN presence.

Findings

11 out of 18 galaxies show outflows with speeds up to a few 1000 km/s

Detection of extended regions with line widths >2000 km/s in some galaxies

Identification of rotating gaseous disks and ionization gradients in multiple systems

Abstract

We present VLT/VIMOS-IFU emission-line spectroscopy of a volume limited sample of 18 southern ULIRGs selected with z<0.09 and dec<10. By covering a wide range of ULIRG types, this dataset provides an important set of templates for comparison with high-redshift galaxies. We employed an automated Gaussian line fitting program to decompose the emission line profiles of Halpha, [NII], [SII], and [OI] into individual components, and chart the Halpha kinematics, and the ionized gas excitations and densities. 11/18 of our galaxies show evidence for outflowing warm ionized gas with speeds between 500 and a few 1000 km/s, with the fastest outflows associated with systems that contain an AGN. Our spatially resolved spectroscopy has allowed us to map the outflows, and in some cases determine for the first time to which nucleus the wind is associated. In three of our targets we find line components with widths >2000 km/s over spatially extended regions in both the recombination and forbidden lines; in two of these three, they are associated with a known Sy2 nucleus. Eight galaxies have clear rotating gaseous disks, and for these we measure rotation velocities, virial masses, and calculate Toomre Q parameters. We find radial gradients in the emission line ratios in a significant number of systems in our study. We attribute these gradients to changes in ionizing radiation field strength, most likely due to an increasing contribution of shocks with radius. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the results for each individual system, with reference to the existing literature. Our observations demonstrate that the complexity of the kinematics and gas properties in ULIRGs can only be disentangled with high sensitivity, spatially resolved IFU observations. Many of our targets are ideal candidates for future high spatial resolution follow-up observations.