Sensing remote nuclear spins

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the detection and identification of remote single nuclear spins using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, achieving high sensitivity through dynamical decoupling control, advancing magnetic resonance imaging at the atomic scale.

Contribution

The study introduces a method to detect and characterize remote nuclear spins with weak hyperfine coupling using NV centers, enabling imaging of external nuclear spins.

Findings

Detection of a single C-13 nuclear spin at ~3 nm distance

Amplification of weak magnetic signals (~10 nT) via dynamical decoupling

Determination of nuclear spin position and vector components

Abstract

Sensing single nuclear spins is a central challenge in magnetic resonance based imaging techniques. Although different methods and especially diamond defect based sensing and imaging techniques in principle have shown sufficient sensitivity, signals from single nuclear spins are usually too weak to be distinguished from background noise. Here, we present the detection and identification of remote single C-13 nuclear spins embedded in nuclear spin baths surrounding a single electron spins of a nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond. With dynamical decoupling control of the centre electron spin, the weak magnetic field ~10 nT from a single nuclear spin located ~3 nm from the centre with hyperfine coupling as weak as ~500 Hz is amplified and detected. The quantum nature of the coupling is confirmed and precise position and the vector components of the nuclear field are determined. Given the distance over which nuclear magnetic fields can be detected the technique marks a firm step towards imaging, detecting and controlling nuclear spin species external to the diamond sensor.