High Precision Measurements of the Pion Proton Differential Cross Section

TL;DR

This paper reports high-precision measurements of the pion-proton elastic scattering differential cross section, providing detailed data to explore baryon resonances and strong interaction dynamics with unprecedented resolution and statistical accuracy.

Contribution

The study introduces a high-resolution, high-statistics experimental approach to measure pion-proton elastic scattering, enabling searches for narrow resonances with low coupling.

Findings

Differential cross section measured with 1% statistical accuracy.

Invariant mass resolution better than 1 MeV.

Data covers the diffraction minimum region.

Abstract

Study of the elastic scattering can produce a rich information on the dynamics of the strong interaction. The EPECUR collaboration is aimed at the research of baryon resonances in the second resonance region via pion-proton elastic scattering and kaon-lambda production. The experiment features high statistics and better than 1 MeV resolution in the invariant mass thus allowing searches for narrow resonances with the coupling to the pi p channel as low as 5%. The experiment is of "formation" type, i.e. the resonances are produced in s-channel and the scan over the invariant mass is done by the variation of the incident pion momentum which is measured with the accuracy of 0.1% with a set of 1 mm pitch proportional chambers located in the first focus of the beam line. The reaction is identified by a magnetless spectrometer based on wire drift chambers with a hexagonal structure. Background suppression in this case depends on the angular resolution, so the amount of matter in the chambers and the setup was minimized to reduce multiple scattering. The measurements started in 2009 with the setup optimized for elastic pion-proton scattering. With 3 billions of triggers already recorded the differential cross section of the elastic pi p-scattering on a liquid hydrogen target in the region of the diffraction minimum is measured with statistical accuracy about 1% in 1 MeV steps in terms of the invariant mass. The paper covers the experimental setup, current status and some preliminary results.