Strain engineered graphene using a nanostructured substrate: I Deformations

TL;DR

This study uses atomistic simulations to explore how graphene conforms to various nanostructured substrates, revealing how substrate features and interaction parameters influence graphene morphology and adhesion.

Contribution

It provides detailed insights into graphene's morphological response to diverse nanostructures, highlighting the effects of substrate geometry and interaction strength on conformation and adhesion.

Findings

Graphene follows sinusoidal substrate patterns with wavelengths >2 nm.

Increased van der Waals energy enhances graphene conformation.

Adhesion energy ranges from 0.1 to 0.4 J/m^2.

Abstract

Using atomistic simulations we investigate the morphological properties of graphene deposited on top of a nanostructured substrate. Sinusoidally corrugated surfaces, steps, elongated trenches, one dimensional and cubic barriers, spherical bubbles, Gaussian bump and Gaussian depression are considered as support structures for graphene. The graphene-substrate interaction is governed by van der Waals forces and the profile of the graphene layer is determined by minimizing the energy using molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the obtained optimum configurations, we found that: (i) for graphene placed over sinusoidally corrugated substrates with corrugation wave lengths longer than 2\,nm, the graphene sheet follows the substrate pattern while for supported graphene it is always suspended across the peaks of the substrate, (ii) the conformation of graphene to the substrate topography is enhanced when increasing the energy parameter in the van der Waals model, (iii) the adhesion of graphene into the trenches depends on the width of the trench and on graphene's orientation, i.e. in contrast to a small width (3 nm) nanoribbon with armchair edges, the one with zig-zag edges follows the substrate profile, (iv) atomic scale graphene follows a Gaussian bump substrate but not the substrate with a Gaussian depression, and (v) the adhesion energy due to van der Waals interaction varies in the range [0.1-0.4] J/m^2.