Integrated Dynamical Approach to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

TL;DR

This paper reviews and develops an integrated dynamical model combining hydrodynamics and hadronic cascade to simulate relativistic heavy ion collisions, enabling detailed comparison with experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive (3+1)D hydrodynamic model with lattice QCD-based equation of state and event-by-event initial conditions for realistic heavy ion collision simulations.

Findings

Successful simulation of collisions at RHIC and LHC energies.

Event-by-event analysis reproduces experimental flow data.

Enhanced understanding of quark-gluon plasma properties.

Abstract

We review integrated dynamical approaches to describe heavy ion reaction as a whole at ultrarelativistic energies. Since final observables result from all the history of the reaction, it is important to describe all the stages of the reaction to obtain the properties of the quark gluon plasma from experimental data. As an example of these approaches, we develop an integrated dynamical model, which is composed of a fully (3+1) dimensional ideal hydrodynamic model with the state-of-the-art equation of state based on lattice QCD, and subsequent hadronic cascade in the late stage. Initial conditions are obtained employing Monte Carlo versions of the Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi model (MC-KLN) or the Glauber model (MC-Glauber). Using this integrated model, we first simulate relativistic heavy ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies starting from conventional smooth initial conditions. We next utilise each Monte Carlo samples of initial conditions on an event-by-event basis and perform event-by-event dynamical simulations to accumulate a large number of minimum bias events. A special attention is paid to performing the flow analysis as in experiments toward consistent comparison of theoretical results with experimental data.