Detection of flux emergence, splitting, merging, and cancellation of network field. I Splitting and Merging

TL;DR

This study analyzes magnetic flux processes on the solar surface, revealing that splitting and merging dominate over emergence and cancellation, with flux content distributions maintained by surface interactions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed statistical analysis of magnetic patch processes, highlighting the dominance of splitting and merging, and proposes a model for flux distribution maintenance.

Findings

Splitting and merging are more frequent than emergence and cancellation.

Splitting timescale is approximately 33 minutes, independent of flux content.

Flux content distribution follows a power-law with index -2.

Abstract

Frequencies of magnetic patch processes on supergranule boundary, namely flux emergence, splitting, merging, and cancellation, are investigated through an automatic detection. We use a set of line of sight magnetograms taken by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board Hinode satellite. We found 1636 positive patches and 1637 negative patches in the data set, whose time duration is 3.5 hours and field of view is 112" \times 112". Total numbers of magnetic processes are followed: 493 positive and 482 negative splittings, 536 positive and 535 negative mergings, 86 cancellations, and 3 emergences. Total numbers of emergence and cancellation are significantly smaller than those of splitting and merging. Further, frequency dependences of merging and splitting processes on flux content are investigated. Merging has a weak dependence on flux content only with a power- law index of 0.28. Timescale for splitting is found to be independent of parent flux content before splitting, which corresponds to \sim 33 minutes. It is also found that patches split into any flux contents with a same probability. This splitting has a power-law distribution of flux content with an index of -2 as a time independent solution. These results support that the frequency distribution of flux content in the analyzed flux range is rapidly maintained by merging and splitting, namely surface processes. We suggest a model for frequency distributions of cancellation and emergence based on this idea.