TL;DR
The paper reveals a vast polar structure (VPOS) around the Milky Way, comprising satellite galaxies, globular clusters, and streams, challenging the standard cosmological model's dark matter substructure predictions.
Contribution
It provides the first analysis of the orientations of streams and globular clusters, demonstrating their alignment with the DoS and proposing a tidal origin for the VPOS.
Findings
Streams and globular clusters align with the DoS
Probability of isotropic distribution is only 0.3%
VPOS extends from 10 to 250 kpc around the MW
Abstract
It has been known for a long time that the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way (MW) show a significant amount of phase-space correlation, they are distributed in a highly inclined Disc of Satellites (DoS). We have extended the previous studies on the DoS by analysing for the first time the orientations of streams of stars and gas, and the distributions of globular clusters within the halo of the MW. It is shown that the spatial distribution of MW globular clusters classified as young halo clusters (YH GC) is very similar to the DoS, while 7 of the 14 analysed streams align with the DoS. The probability to find the observed clustering of streams is only 0.3 per cent when assuming isotropy. The MW thus is surrounded by a vast polar structure (VPOS) of subsystems (satellite galaxies, globular clusters and streams), spreading from Galactocentric distances as small as 10 kpc out to 250 kpc.…
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