The Lorentz transformations of the vectors E, B, P, M and the external electric fields from a stationary superconducting wire with a steady current and from a stationary permanent magnet

TL;DR

This paper reviews the differences between 3D and 4D Lorentz transformations of electromagnetic vectors, discusses the existence of external electric fields from stationary currents and magnets, and explores implications for the charge-magnet paradox and Aharonov-Bohm effect.

Contribution

It introduces new insights into the Lorentz transformations of electromagnetic quantities using 4D geometry and predicts external electric fields from stationary superconducting wires and magnets.

Findings

External electric fields exist outside stationary superconducting wires with steady currents.

Stationary permanent magnets can produce external electric fields.

The results help resolve the charge-magnet paradox and explain the Aharonov-Bohm effect without Lorentz violation.

Abstract

In the first part of this paper we review the fundamental difference between the usual transformations of the three-dimensional (3D) vectors of the electric field $\mathbf{E}$, the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$, the polarization $\mathbf{P}$, the magnetization $\mathbf{M}$ and the Lorentz transformations of the 4D geometric quantities, vectors E, B, P, M, with many additional explanations and several new results. In the second part, we have discussed the existence of the electric field vector E outside a stationary superconducting wire with a steady current and also different experiments for the detection of such electric fields. Furthermore, a fundamental prediction of the existence of the external electric field vector E from a stationary permanent magnet is considered. These electric fields are used for the resolution of the "charge-magnet paradox" with 4D geometric quantities for a qualitative explanation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in terms of fields and not, as usual, in terms of the vector potential and for a qualitative explanation that the particle interference is not a test of a Lorentz-violating model of electrodynamics according to which a magnetic solenoid generates not only a static magnetic field but also a static electric field.