Dupin cyclides osculating surfaces

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of Dupin cyclides osculating general surfaces, introducing Dupin lines as higher-order tangency directions, and demonstrates their ability to realize various foliations on surfaces.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of Dupin lines as higher-order tangency directions and shows they can realize a wide class of foliations on surfaces.

Findings

Existence of a one-parameter family of tangent cyclides at each surface point.

Identification of Dupin lines as integral curves of a line field on the surface.

Demonstration that many planar foliations can be realized as Dupin foliations.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of cyclides osculating general surfaces. We show that generically, at any point of a surface, one has a one-parameter family of cyclides tangent to a surface curve of order three and among them just one is tangent to this curve of order four. This one will be called the osculating cyclide here. Directions of this tangency of higher order form a line filed on the surface and its integral curves will be called Dupin lines on the surface under consideration. Our Dupin lines are analogous to classical lines of curvature corresponding in the same to the eigenvectors of the Weingarten (shape) operator of a surface, that is to the directions of tangency of order two of its osculating spheres. Each point of a generic surface meets two orthogonal lines of curvature but only one Dupin line. Our main result shows that a large class of foliations of open planar domains can be realized as Dupin foliations, that is foliations by Dupin lines, on several surfaces.