Formation and structure of vortex lattices in a rotating double-well Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper explores how vortex lattices form and evolve in a rotating double-well Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing the critical conditions and controllable structures of vortices influenced by rotation and potential anisotropy.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of vortex formation stages and demonstrates how vortex patterns can be controlled via rotation frequency and potential anisotropy in a double-well BEC.

Findings

Critical rotation frequency causes a jump in angular momentum.

Vortex structures depend on rotation frequency and anisotropy.

Structural vortex pattern changes are achievable by adjusting potential parameters.

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of vortex formation and the structure of vortex lattices in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined within a rotating double-well (DW) potential. The dynamical process is a formation process of "ghost" vortices, "hidden" vortices and "visible" vortices. The critical rotation frequency for the creation of visible vortex is indicated by a sudden jump in the angular momentum evolution and an inflexion in the energy evolution. Different visible vortex structures can be formed by ruling the rotation frequency. In particular, structural change of visible vortex patterns can be achieved by regulating the anisotropy parameter of the DW potential. This feature allows to flexibly control the distribution of angular momentum in macroscopic quantum systems and study the interplay among rotation, interparticle interaction and external potential in superfluids.