Recalibration of Pagel's method for HII regions considering the thermal structure, the ionization structure, and the depletion of O into dust grains

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive recalibration of Pagel's R_{23} method for determining oxygen abundances in HII regions, accounting for thermal and ionization structures and dust depletion, leading to more accurate metallicity estimates.

Contribution

It introduces the first calibration of R_{23} that simultaneously considers temperature inhomogeneities, ionization structure, and dust depletion effects.

Findings

Total correction increases O/H by factors of 1.7 to 2.2.

Recalibration reduces systematic temperature discrepancies.

Impacts studies of galaxy evolution and star formation.

Abstract

Using a sample of 28 HII regions from the literature with measured temperature inhomogeneity parameter, t^2, we present a statistical correction to the chemical abundances determined with the Te(4363/5007) method. We used the t^2 values to correct the oxygen gaseous abundances and consider the oxygen depletion into dust to calculate the total abundances for these objects. This correction is used to obtain a new calibration of Pagel's strong-line method, R_{23}, to determine oxygen abundances in HII regions. Our new calibration simultaneously considers the temperature structure, the ionization structure, and the fraction of oxygen depleted into dust grains. Previous calibrations in the literature have included one or two of these factors; this is the first time all three are taken into account. This recalibration conciliates the systematic differences among the temperatures found from different methods. We find that the total correction due to thermal inhomogeneities and dust depletion amounts to an increase in the O/H ratio of HII regions by factors of 1.7 to 2.2 (or 0.22 to 0.35 dex). This result has important implications in various areas of astrophysics such as the study of the higher end of the initial mass function, the star formation rate, and the mass-metallicity relation of galaxies, among others.