The helium-rich subdwarf CPD-20 1123: a post-common envelope binary evolving onto the extended horizontal branch

TL;DR

This study analyzes the properties of the helium-rich subdwarf CPD-20 1123, revealing it as a binary system with intermediate helium abundance, and discusses implications for stellar evolution and surface element stratification.

Contribution

It provides a detailed spectroscopic analysis of CPD-20 1123 and demonstrates it as a close binary, supporting theories of surface stratification in young subdwarfs.

Findings

CPD-20 1123 has a surface helium abundance of ~17%.

It is part of a close binary system with a 2.3-day period.

Supports the idea that intermediate-helium sdB stars are young and have incomplete stratification.

Abstract

Subluminous B stars come in a variety of flavours including single stars, close and wide binaries, and pulsating and non-pulsating variables. A majority have helium-poor surfaces (helium by number nHe<1%), whilst a minority have extremely helium-rich surfaces (nHe>90%). A small number have an intermediate surface helium abundance (~ 10 - 30%), accompanied by peculiar abundances of other elements. The questions posed are i) whether these abundance peculiarities are associated with radiatively-driven and time-dependent stratification of elements within the photosphere as the star evolves from an helium-enriched progenitor to become a normal helium-poor sdB star, and ii) whether these phenomena occur only in single sdB stars or are also associated with sdB stars in binaries. We present a fine analysis of the bright intermediate-helium sdB star CPD-20 1123 (Albus 1) which shows it to be cool, for a hot subdwarf, with Teff~23 000 K and with a surface helium abundance ~17% by number. Other elements do not show extraordinary anomalies; in common with majority sdB stars, carbon and oxygen are substantially depleted, whilst nitrogen is enriched. Magnesium through sulphur appear to be depleted by ~0.5 dex, but chlorine and argon are substantially enhanced. We also present a series of radial-velocity measurements which show the star to be a close binary with an orbital period of 2.3 d, suggesting it to be a post-common-envelope system. The discovery of an intermediate helium-rich sdB star in a close binary in addition to known and apparently single exemplars supports the view that these are very young sdB stars in which radiatively-driven stratification of the photosphere is incomplete.