Imaging the heart of astrophysical objects with optical long-baseline interferometry

TL;DR

This paper reviews the advancements and potential of optical long-baseline interferometry for high-resolution imaging of astrophysical objects, highlighting recent successes, future prospects, and the impact on various astrophysical fields.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of optical interferometry image reconstruction, discusses future scientific applications, and evaluates how current and upcoming facilities can improve imaging quality.

Findings

Image reconstruction software accurately reveals astrophysical morphologies.

Current facilities with 6-10 telescopes can produce detailed images of complex scenes.

Optical interferometry has matured to enable model-independent, high-resolution imaging.

Abstract

The number of publications of aperture-synthesis images based on optical long-baseline interferometry measurements has recently increased due to easier access to visible and infrared interferometers. The interferometry technique has now reached a technical maturity level that opens new avenues for numerous astrophysical topics requiring milli-arcsecond model-independent imaging. In writing this paper our motivation was twofold: 1) review and publicize emblematic excerpts of the impressive corpus accumulated in the field of optical interferometry image reconstruction; 2) discuss future prospects for this technique by selecting four representative astrophysical science cases in order to review the potential benefits of using optical long baseline interferometers. For this second goal we have simulated interferometric data from those selected astrophysical environments and used state-of-the-art codes to provide the reconstructed images that are reachable with current or soon-to-be facilities. The image reconstruction process was "blind" in the sense that reconstructors had no knowledge of the input brightness distributions. We discuss the impact of optical interferometry in those four astrophysical fields. We show that image reconstruction software successfully provides accurate morphological information on a variety of astrophysical topics and review the current strengths and weaknesses of such reconstructions. We investigate how to improve image reconstruction and the quality of the image possibly by upgrading the current facilities. We finally argue that optical interferometers and their corresponding instrumentation, existing or to come, with 6 to 10 telescopes, should be well suited to provide images of complex sceneries.