Planck intermediate results. III. The relation between galaxy cluster mass and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal

TL;DR

This study investigates the relationship between galaxy cluster mass and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal using weak lensing and X-ray data, revealing discrepancies linked to cluster disturbance and measurement methods.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of weak lensing and hydrostatic X-ray masses, highlighting systematic differences and their dependence on cluster disturbance and measurement centroids.

Findings

Weak lensing and SZ relations are consistent with previous studies.

Hydrostatic X-ray masses are ~20% larger than weak lensing masses.

Mass discrepancies are driven by differences in mass concentration and centroid offsets.

Abstract

We examine the relation between the galaxy cluster mass M and Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect signal D_A^2 Y for a sample of 19 objects for which weak lensing (WL) mass measurements obtained from Subaru Telescope data are available in the literature. Hydrostatic X-ray masses are derived from XMM-Newton archive data and the SZ effect signal is measured from Planck all-sky survey data. We find an M_WL-D_A^2 Y relation that is consistent in slope and normalisation with previous determinations using weak lensing masses; however, there is a normalisation offset with respect to previous measures based on hydrostatic X-ray mass-proxy relations. We verify that our SZ effect measurements are in excellent agreement with previous determinations from Planck data. For the present sample, the hydrostatic X-ray masses at R_500 are on average ~ 20 per cent larger than the corresponding weak lensing masses, at odds with expectations. We show that the mass discrepancy is driven by a difference in mass concentration as measured by the two methods, and, for the present sample, the mass discrepancy and difference in mass concentration is especially large for disturbed systems. The mass discrepancy is also linked to the offset in centres used by the X-ray and weak lensing analyses, which again is most important in disturbed systems. We outline several approaches that are needed to help achieve convergence in cluster mass measurement with X-ray and weak lensing observations.