The chemical composition of nearby young associations: s-process element abundances in AB Doradus, Carina-Near, and Ursa Major

TL;DR

This study investigates the over-abundance of barium in young stellar associations, finding it consistently elevated compared to other s-process elements, and explores potential chromospheric effects as a cause.

Contribution

It provides new high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of s-process elements in three young associations, highlighting the persistent Ba over-abundance and examining possible chromospheric influences.

Findings

Ba is over-abundant by ~0.2 dex in all three associations.

Other s-process elements show solar ratios.

No clear correlation between Ba abundance and activity indicators.

Abstract

Recently, several studies have shown that young, open clusters are characterised by a considerable over-abundance in their barium content. In particular, D'Orazi et al. (2009) reported that in some younger clusters [Ba/Fe] can reach values as high as ~0.6 dex. The work also identified the presence of an anti-correlation between [Ba/Fe] and cluster age. For clusters in the age range ~4.5 Gyr-500 Myr, this is best explained by assuming a higher contribution from low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars to the Galactic chemical enrichment. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ubiquity of the barium over-abundance in young stellar clusters. We analysed high-resolution spectroscopic data, focusing on the s-process elemental abundance for three nearby young associations, i.e. AB Doradus, Carina-Near, and Ursa Major. The clusters have been chosen such that their age spread would complement the D'Orazi et al. (2009) study. We find that while the s-process elements Y, Zr, La, and Ce exhibit solar ratios in all three associations, Ba is over-abundant by ~0.2 dex. Current theoretical models can not reproduce this abundance pattern, thus we investigate whether this unusually large Ba content might be related to chromospheric effects. Although no correlation between [Ba/Fe] and several activity indicators seems to be present, we conclude that different effects could be at work which may (directly or indirectly) be related to the presence of hot stellar chromospheres.