Excited Heavy Quarkonium Production at the LHC through $W$-Boson Decays

TL;DR

This paper investigates the production of heavy-quarkonium states, including higher excited states, via W-boson decays at the LHC, utilizing improved trace technology for analytical results, highlighting the significance of these states in experimental observations.

Contribution

The study extends the analysis of heavy-quarkonium production through W-boson decays to include higher excited states using improved trace technology, providing more comprehensive predictions for LHC experiments.

Findings

Higher excited quarkonium states can be produced in sizable amounts at the LHC.

The improved trace technology simplifies complex amplitude calculations.

Including excited states is essential for accurate event estimation.

Abstract

Sizable amount of heavy-quarkonium events can be produced through $W$-boson decays at the LHC. Such channels will provide a suitable platform to study the heavy-quarkonium properties. The "improved trace technology", which disposes the amplitude ${\cal M}$ at the amplitude-level, is helpful for deriving compact analytical results for complex processes. As an important new application, in addition to the production of the lower-level Fock states $|(Q\bar{Q'})[1S]>$ and $|(Q\bar{Q'})[1P]>$, we make a further study on the production of higher-excited $|(Q\bar{Q'})>$-quarkonium Fock states $|(Q\bar{Q'})[2S]>$, $|(Q\bar{Q'})[3S]>$ and $|(Q\bar{Q'})[2P]>$. Here $|(Q\bar{Q'})>$ stands for the $|(c\bar{c})>$-charmonium, $|(c\bar{b})>$-quarkonium and $|(b\bar{b})>$-bottomonium respectively. We show that sizable amount of events for those higher-excited states can also be produced at the LHC. Therefore, we need to take them into consideration for a sound estimation.