The dark matter crisis: falsification of the current standard model of cosmology

TL;DR

This paper argues that observational evidence contradicts the standard cosmological model, especially regarding dwarf galaxies and dark matter, suggesting alternative theories like Milgromian dynamics are more consistent with data.

Contribution

The paper provides observational evidence falsifying the dual dwarf galaxy theorem and challenges the existence of cold or warm dark matter in the standard model.

Findings

Dwarf galaxy observations contradict the dual dwarf galaxy theorem.

Phase-space correlations in satellite systems challenge dark matter models.

Empirical mass-discrepancy--acceleration relation supports Milgromian dynamics.

Abstract

The current standard model of cosmology (SMoC) requires The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem to be true according to which two types of dwarf galaxies must exist: primordial dark-matter (DM) dominated (type A) dwarf galaxies, and tidal-dwarf and ram-pressure-dwarf (type B) galaxies void of DM. Type A dwarfs surround the host approximately spherically, while type B dwarfs are typically correlated in phase-space. Type B dwarfs must exist in any cosmological theory in which galaxies interact. Only one type of dwarf galaxy is observed to exist on the baryonic Tully-Fisher plot and in the radius-mass plane. The Milky Way satellite system forms a vast phase-space-correlated structure that includes globular clusters and stellar and gaseous streams. Other galaxies also have phase-space correlated satellite systems. Therefore, The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem is falsified by observation and dynamically relevant cold or warm DM cannot exist. It is shown that the SMoC is incompatible with a large set of other extragalactic observations. Other theoretical solutions to cosmological observations exist. In particular, alone the empirical mass-discrepancy--acceleration correlation constitutes convincing evidence that galactic-scale dynamics must be Milgromian. Major problems with inflationary big bang cosmologies remain unresolved.