Multimessengers from core-collapse supernovae: multidimensionality as a key to bridge theory and observation

TL;DR

This paper reviews how multidimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae help interpret neutrino and gravitational wave signals, advancing understanding of the explosion mechanism and central engine.

Contribution

It summarizes recent multidimensional simulation results linking supernova dynamics with observable multimessenger signals, bridging theory and observation.

Findings

Properties of gravitational waves and neutrinos from simulations

Insights into explosive nucleosynthesis processes

Role of multidimensional effects in supernova explosions

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are dramatic explosions marking the catastrophic end of massive stars. The only means to get direct information about the supernova engine is from observations of neutrinos emitted by the forming neutron star, and through gravitational waves which are produced when the hydrodynamic flow or the neutrino flux is not perfectly spherically symmetric. The multidimensionality of the supernova engine, which breaks the sphericity of the central core such as convection, rotation, magnetic fields, and hydrodynamic instabilities of the supernova shock, is attracting great attention as the most important ingredient to understand the long-veiled explosion mechanism. Based on our recent work, we summarize properties of gravitational waves, neutrinos, and explosive nucleosynthesis obtained in a series of our multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations and discuss how the mystery of the central engines can be unraveled by deciphering these multimessengers produced under the thick veils of massive stars.