The Horizontal Component of Photospheric Plasma Flows During the Emergence of Active Regions on the Sun

TL;DR

This study analyzes the horizontal plasma flows during the initial hours of active region emergence on the Sun, revealing velocity patterns, asymmetries, and their evolution using SOHO/MDI data.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the dynamics of photospheric plasma flows during active region emergence, highlighting velocity asymmetries and their temporal development.

Findings

Doppler velocities reach peak values 4-12 hours after flux emergence begins.

Leading polarity regions exhibit stronger and longer-lasting velocity structures.

Velocity asymmetry peaks shortly after emergence and decreases over 7-12 hours.

Abstract

The dynamics of horizontal plasma flows during the first hours of the emergence of active region magnetic flux in the solar photosphere have been analyzed using SOHO/MDI data. Four active regions emerging near the solar limb have been considered. It has been found that extended regions of Doppler velocities with different signs are formed in the first hours of the magnetic flux emergence in the horizontal velocity field. The flows observed are directly connected with the emerging magnetic flux; they form at the beginning of the emergence of active regions and are present for a few hours. The Doppler velocities of flows observed increase gradually and reach their peak values 4-12 hours after the start of the magnetic flux emergence. The peak values of the mean (inside the +/-500 m/s isolines) and maximum Doppler velocities are 800-970 m/s and 1410-1700 m/s, respectively. The Doppler velocities observed substantially exceed the separation velocities of the photospheric magnetic flux outer boundaries. The asymmetry was detected between velocity structures of leading and following polarities. Doppler velocity structures located in a region of leading magnetic polarity are more powerful and exist longer than those in regions of following polarity. The Doppler velocity asymmetry between the velocity structures of opposite sign reaches its peak values soon after the emergence begins and then gradually drops within 7-12 hours. The peak values of asymmetry for the mean and maximal Doppler velocities reach 240-460 m/s and 710-940 m/s, respectively. An interpretation of the observable flow of photospheric plasma is given.