HST/ACS Photometry of Old Stars in NGC 1569: The Star Formation History of a Nearby Starburst

TL;DR

This study uses HST/ACS photometry to analyze the old stellar populations in NGC 1569, revealing a complex star formation history with early formation, sustained activity, and recent bursts, improving understanding of its evolution.

Contribution

Introduces a new method, SFHMATRIX, for deriving detailed star formation histories from color-magnitude diagrams of nearby galaxies.

Findings

Star formation began ~13 Gyr ago in NGC 1569.

Majority of stellar mass formed early in the galaxy's history.

Recent star formation activity occurred around 0.5-0.7 Gyr ago.

Abstract

(abridged) We used HST/ACS to obtain deep V- and I-band images of NGC 1569, one of the closest and strongest starburst galaxies in the Universe. These data allowed us to study the underlying old stellar population, aimed at understanding NGC 1569's evolution over a full Hubble time. We focus on the less-crowded outer region of the galaxy, for which the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) shows predominantly a red giant branch (RGB) that reaches down to the red clump/horizontal branch feature (RC/HB). A simple stellar population analysis gives clear evidence for a more complicated star formation history (SFH) in the outer region. We derive the full SFH using a newly developed code, SFHMATRIX, which fits the CMD Hess diagram by solving a non-negative least squares problem. Our analysis shows that the relative brightnesses of the RGB tip and RC/HB, along with the curvature and color of the RGB, provide enough information to ameliorate the age-metallicity-extinction degeneracy. The distance/reddening combination that best fits the data is E(B-V) = 0.58 +/- 0.03 and D = 3.06 +/- 0.18 Mpc. Star formation began ~ 13 Gyr ago, and this accounts for the majority of the mass in the outer region. However, the initial burst was followed by a relatively low, but constant, rate of star formation until ~ 0.5-0.7 Gyr ago when there may have been a short, low intensity burst of star formation.