Electronic and transport properties of azobenzene monolayer junctions as molecular switches

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to analyze how azobenzene monolayer junctions switch electronic conductance between trans and cis configurations, revealing different behaviors based on contact type and explaining experimental results.

Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical analysis of azobenzene monolayer junctions, highlighting the impact of contact type and molecular configuration on transport properties, and introduces a simple model for electron transmission.

Findings

Chemisorbed contact: higher conductance in trans configuration.

Physisorbed contact: larger conductance in cis configuration.

Tip-like contact causes asymmetric I-V and negative differential resistance.

Abstract

We investigate from first-principles the change in transport properties of a two-dimensional azobenzene monolayer sandwiched between two Au electrodes that undergoes molecular switching. We focus on transport differences between a chemisorbed and physisorbed top monolayer-electrode contact. The conductance of the monolayer junction with a chemisorbed top contact is higher in trans configuration, in agreement with the previous theoretical predictions of one-dimensional single molecule junctions. However, with a physisorbed top contact, the "ON" state with larger conductance is associated with the cis configuration due to a reduced effective tunneling pathway by switching from trans to cis, which successfully explains recently experimental measurements of azobenzene monolayer junctions. A simple model is developed to explain electron transmission across subsystems in the molecular junction. We also discuss the effects of monolayer packing density, molecule tilt angle, and contact geometry on the calculated transmission functions. In particular, we find that a tip-like contact with chemisorption significantly affects the electric current through the cis monolayer, leading to highly asymmetric current-voltage characteristics as well as large negative differential resistance behavior.