Stellar substructures in the solar neighbourhood. I. Kinematic group 3 in the Geneva-Copenhagen survey

TL;DR

This study investigates a kinematic group of stars in the solar neighborhood, revealing their chemical signatures and suggesting a common origin possibly linked to an ancient galactic merger event.

Contribution

It provides detailed elemental abundances for a specific stellar group, linking their chemical and kinematic properties to galactic formation history.

Findings

Stars in the group have [Fe/H] ~ -0.69 dex.

Elemental abundances resemble thick-disc stars.

Evidence suggests a common origin and possible merger history.

Abstract

Galactic Archeology is a powerful tool for investigating the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. We use this technique to study kinematic groups of F- and G-stars in the solar neighbourhood. From correlations between orbital parameters, three new coherent groups of stars were recently identified and suggested to correspond to remnants of disrupted satellites. We determine detailed elemental abundances in stars belonging to one of these groups and compare their chemical composition with Galactic disc stars. The aim is to look for possible chemical signatures that might give information about the history of this kinematic group of stars. High-resolution spectra were obtained with the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, and analysed with a differential model atmosphere method. Comparison stars were observed and analysed with the same method. The average value of [Fe/H] for the 20 stars investigated in this study is -0.69 +- 0.05 dex. Elemental abundances of oxygen and alpha-elements are overabundant in comparison with Galactic thin-disc dwarfs and thin-disc chemical evolution models. This abundance pattern has similar characteristics as the Galactic thick-disc. The homogeneous chemical composition together with the kinematic properties and ages of stars in the investigated Group 3 of the Geneva-Copenhagen survey provides evidence of their common origin and possible relation to an ancient merging event. The similar chemical composition of stars in the investigated group and the thick-disc stars might suggest that their formation histories are linked.