Jets, Bulk Matter, and their Interaction in Heavy Ion Collisions at Several TeV

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical model for particle production in heavy ion collisions at several TeV, integrating bulk matter, jets, and their interactions across all transverse momentum scales.

Contribution

It introduces a novel criterion based on parton energy loss to distinguish between bulk matter and jets, incorporating jet-fluid interactions and transition regions.

Findings

Model successfully describes particle production across $p_{t}$ ranges.

Reproduces centrality and $p_{t}$ dependence of observables.

Explains long-range dihadron correlations in Pb-Pb collisions.

Abstract

We discuss a theoretical scheme that accounts for bulk matter, jets, and the interaction between the two. The aim is a complete description of particle production at all transverse momentum ($p_{t}$) scales. In this picture, the hard initial scatterings result in mainly longitudinal flux tubes, with transversely moving pieces carrying the $p_{t}$ of the partons from hard scatterings. These flux tubes constitute eventually both bulk matter (which thermalizes and flows) and jets. We introduce a criterion based on parton energy loss to decide whether a given string segment contributes to the bulk or leaves the matter to end up as a jet of hadrons. Essentially low $p_{t}$ segments from inside the volume will constitute the bulk, high $p_{t}$ segments (or segments very close to the surface) contribute to the jets. The latter ones appear after the usual flux tube breaking via q-qbar production (Schwinger mechanism). Interesting is the transition region: Intermediate $p_{t}$ segments produced inside the matter close to the surface but having enough energy to escape, are supposed to pick up q-qbar pairs from the thermal matter rather than creating them via the Schwinger mechanism. This represents a communication between jets and the flowing bulk matter (fluid-jet interaction). Also very important is the interaction between jet hadrons and the soft hadrons from the fluid freeze-out. We employ the new picture to investigate Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV. We discuss the centrality and $p_{t}$ dependence of particle production and long range dihadron correlations at small and large $p_{t}$.