Harmonic analysis on Cayley Trees II: the Bose Einstein condensation

TL;DR

This paper studies Bose-Einstein Condensation on perturbed Cayley Trees, revealing how topological properties influence condensation phenomena and the construction of equilibrium states in non-amenable networks.

Contribution

It applies harmonic analysis to Bose-Einstein Condensation on non-amenable Cayley Tree networks, analyzing the effects of perturbations on condensation and state construction.

Findings

Condensation occurs despite non-amenability and the presence of a hidden spectrum.

Locally normal states describing condensation are impossible in recurrent cases.

In transient cases, condensation states require careful chemical potential selection.

Abstract

We investigate the Bose-Einstein Condensation on non homogeneous non amenable networks for the model describing arrays of Josephson junctions on perturbed Cayley Trees. The resulting topological model has also a mathematical interest in itself. The present paper is then the application to the Bose-Einstein Condensation phenomena, of the harmonic analysis aspects arising from additive and density zero perturbations, previously investigated by the author in a separate work. Concerning the appearance of the Bose-Einstein Condensation, the results are surprisingly in accordance with the previous ones, despite the lack of amenability. We indeed first show the following fact. Even when the critical density is finite (which is implied in all the models under consideration, thanks to the appearance of the hidden spectrum), if the adjacency operator of the graph is recurrent, it is impossible to exhibit temperature locally normal states (i.e. states for which the local particle density is finite) describing the condensation at all. The same occurs in the transient cases for which it is impossible to exhibit locally normal states describing the Bose--Einstein Condensation at mean particle density strictly greater than the critical density . In addition, for the transient cases, in order to construct locally normal temperature states through infinite volume limits of finite volume Gibbs states, a careful choice of the the sequence of the finite volume chemical potential should be done. For all such states, the condensate is essentially allocated on the base--point supporting the perturbation. This leads that the particle density always coincide with the critical one. It is shown that all such temperature states are Kubo-Martin-Schwinger states for a natural dynamics. The construction of such a dynamics, which is a very delicate issue, is also done.