Low-Disorder Microwave Cavity Lattices for Quantum Simulation with Photons

TL;DR

This paper experimentally evaluates coupled microwave resonator arrays for quantum simulation, demonstrating low disorder levels suitable for studying photon-based quantum phase transitions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of disorder in resonator arrays and demonstrates fabrication techniques to minimize disorder for quantum simulation applications.

Findings

Disorder in cavity frequencies is mainly due to fabrication imperfections.

Disorder can be reduced to less than two parts in 10^4.

High photon hopping rates mitigate the effects of disorder.

Abstract

We assess experimentally the suitability of coupled transmission line resonators for studies of quantum phase transitions of light. We have measured devices with low photon hopping rates t/2pi = 0.8MHz to quantify disorder in individual cavity frequencies. The observed disorder is consistent with small imperfections in fabrication. We studied the dependence of the disorder on transmission line geometry and used our results to fabricate devices with disorder less than two parts in 10^4. The normal mode spectrum of devices with a high photon hopping rate t/2pi = 31MHz shows little effect of disorder, rendering resonator arrays a good backbone for the study of condensed matter physics with photons.