Creating vortons and three-dimensional skyrmions from domain wall annihilation with stretched vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to create vortons and three-dimensional skyrmions in Bose-Einstein condensates through domain wall annihilation involving stretched vortices, offering a new way to generate topological structures.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism for forming vortons and skyrmions in two-component BECs via domain wall and vortex interactions, with a feasible experimental procedure.

Findings

Vortons can be generated by domain wall annihilation in BECs.

The process involves filling a nodal plane with a vortex-carrying component.

Experimental realization is possible using phase separation and laser manipulation.

Abstract

We propose a mechanism to create a vorton or three-dimensional skyrmion in phase-separated two-component BECs with the order parameters Psi_1 and Psi_2 of the two condensates. We consider a pair of a domain wall (brane) and an anti-domain wall (anti-brane) stretched by vortices (strings), where the Psi_2 component with a vortex winding is sandwiched by two domains of the Psi_1 component. The vortons appear when the domain wall pair annihilates. Experimentally, this can be realized by preparing the phase separation in the order Psi_1, Psi_2 and Psi_1 components, where the nodal plane of a dark soliton in Psi_1 component is filled with the Psi_2 component with vorticity. By selectively removing the filling Psi_2 component gradually with a resonant laser beam, the collision of the brane and anti-brane can be made, creating vortons.