The Dynamics and Metallicity Distribution of the Distant Dwarf Galaxy VV124

TL;DR

This study investigates the stellar dynamics and metallicity distribution of the isolated dwarf galaxy VV124, revealing it is dark matter dominated with a metallicity consistent with dwarf spheroidals, and shows limited rotation.

Contribution

First detailed spectroscopic analysis of VV124's stellar dynamics and metallicity, confirming dark matter presence and characterizing its kinematic and chemical properties.

Findings

VV124's velocity dispersion indicates dark matter presence.

Metallicity aligns with dwarf spheroidal galaxy relations.

Limited rotation detected outside the central region.

Abstract

VV124 (UGC 4879) is an isolated, dwarf irregular/dwarf spheroidal (dIrr/dSph) transition-type galaxy at a distance of 1.36 Mpc. Previous low-resolution spectroscopy yielded inconsistent radial velocities for different components of the galaxy, and photometry hinted at the presence of a stellar disk. In order to quantify the stellar dynamics, we observed individual red giants in VV124 with the Keck/DEIMOS spectrograph. We validated members based on their positions in the color-magnitude diagram, radial velocities, and spectral features. Our sample contains 67 members. The average radial velocity is <v_r> = -29.1 +/- 1.3 km/s, in agreement with the previous radio measurements of HI gas. The velocity distribution is Gaussian, indicating that VV124 is supported primarily by velocity dispersion inside a radius of 1.5 kpc. Outside that radius, our measurements provide only an upper limit of 8.6 km/s on any rotation in the photometric disk-like feature. The velocity dispersion is sigma_v = 9.4 +/- 1.0 km/s, from which we inferred a mass of M_1/2 = (2.1 +/- 0.2) x 10^7 M_sun and a mass-to-light ratio of (M/L_V)_1/2 = 5.2 +/- 1.1 M_sun/L_sun, both measured within the half-light radius. Thus, VV124 contains dark matter. We also measured the metallicity distribution from neutral iron lines. The average metallicity, <[Fe/H]> = -1.58 +/- 0.06, is consistent with the mass-metallicity relation defined by dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The dynamics and metallicity distribution of VV124 appear similar to dSphs of similar stellar mass.