Neutrino cooling rates due to $^{54,55,56}$Fe for presupernova evolution of massive stars

TL;DR

This paper presents detailed neutrino and antineutrino cooling rate calculations for iron isotopes in presupernova stars using the pn-QRPA theory, highlighting differences from previous models and implications for stellar evolution modeling.

Contribution

The study provides a microscopic calculation of neutrino cooling rates for iron isotopes using pn-QRPA, showing significant differences from shell model rates and challenging the use of Brink's hypothesis.

Findings

Neutrino cooling rates for $^{54}$Fe are 3-4 times larger than shell model rates during key stellar phases.

Antineutrino cooling rates are negligible compared to neutrino rates at relevant stellar conditions.

Differences in excited state Gamow-Teller strength distributions significantly affect weak interaction rates.

Abstract

Accurate estimate of neutrino energy loss rates are needed for the study of the late stages of the stellar evolution, in particular for cooling of neutron stars and white dwarfs. Proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory has recently being used for a microscopic calculation of stellar weak interaction rates of iron isotopes with success. Here I present the detailed calculation of neutrino and antineutrino cooling rates due to key iron isotopes in stellar matter using the pn-QRPA theory. The rates are calculated on a fine grid of temperature-density scale suitable for core-collapse simulators. The calculated rates are compared against earlier calculations. The neutrino cooling rates due to isotopes of iron are in overall good agreement with the rates calculated using the large-scale shell model. During the presupernova evolution of massive stars, from oxygen shell burning till around end of convective core silicon burning phases, the calculated neutrino cooling rates due to $^{54}$Fe are three to four times larger than the corresponding shell model rates. The Brink's hypothesis used in previous calculations can at times lead to erroneous results. The Brink's hypothesis assumes that the Gamow-Teller strength distributions for all excited states are the same. It is, however, shown by the present calculation that both the centroid and total strength for excited states differ appreciably from the ground state distribution. These changes in the strength distributions of thermally populated excited states can alter the total weak interaction rates rather significantly. The calculated antineutrino cooling rates, due to positron capture and $\beta$-decay of iron isotopes, are orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding neutrino cooling rates and can safely be neglected specially at low temperatures and high stellar densities.