Adiabatic Passage and Spin Locking in Tm$^{3+}$:YAG

TL;DR

This paper investigates adiabatic rapid passage and spin locking in low-concentration Tm$^{3+}$:YAG crystals, revealing efficient nuclear spin manipulation over long timescales relevant for quantum information applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates efficient ARP in Tm$^{3+}$:YAG with long flipping times and discusses the applicability of a single spin model over the spin temperature concept in impurity-doped crystals.

Findings

Efficient ARP observed over times longer than $T_2$.

Single spin model is more appropriate than spin temperature in this context.

Relevance to quantum information processing with impurity-doped crystals.

Abstract

In low concentration Tm$^{3+}$:YAG, we observe efficient adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) of thulium nuclear spin over flipping times much longer than $T_2$. Efficient ARP with long flipping time has been observed in monoatomic solids for decades and has been analyzed in terms of spin temperature and of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a coupled spin ensemble. In low-concentration impurity-doped crystals the spin temperature concept may be questioned. A single spin model should be preferred since the impurity ions are weakly coupled together but interact with the numerous off-resonant matrix ions that originate the spin-spin relaxation. The experiment takes place in the context of quantum information investigation, involving impurity-doped crystals, spin hyperpolarization by optical pumping, and optical detection of the spin evolution.