A Proximal-Gradient Homotopy Method for the Sparse Least-Squares Problem

TL;DR

This paper introduces a homotopy continuation method for solving the -regularized least-squares problem, achieving fast convergence by exploiting local linear convergence and ensuring sparsity along the solution path.

Contribution

It provides the first theoretical analysis showing that a homotopy strategy guarantees global geometric convergence for sparse recovery problems.

Findings

Overall iteration complexity is O(log(1/psilon))

Method ensures all iterates along the path remain sparse

Empirical results support theoretical convergence claims

Abstract

We consider solving the $\ell_1$-regularized least-squares ($\ell_1$-LS) problem in the context of sparse recovery, for applications such as compressed sensing. The standard proximal gradient method, also known as iterative soft-thresholding when applied to this problem, has low computational cost per iteration but a rather slow convergence rate. Nevertheless, when the solution is sparse, it often exhibits fast linear convergence in the final stage. We exploit the local linear convergence using a homotopy continuation strategy, i.e., we solve the $\ell_1$-LS problem for a sequence of decreasing values of the regularization parameter, and use an approximate solution at the end of each stage to warm start the next stage. Although similar strategies have been studied in the literature, there have been no theoretical analysis of their global iteration complexity. This paper shows that under suitable assumptions for sparse recovery, the proposed homotopy strategy ensures that all iterates along the homotopy solution path are sparse. Therefore the objective function is effectively strongly convex along the solution path, and geometric convergence at each stage can be established. As a result, the overall iteration complexity of our method is $O(\log(1/\epsilon))$ for finding an $\epsilon$-optimal solution, which can be interpreted as global geometric rate of convergence. We also present empirical results to support our theoretical analysis.