The thermal Casimir-Polder interaction of an atom with spherical plasma shell

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermal Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and a spherical plasma shell, modeling fullerene interactions, and analyzes temperature and size effects on free energy and entropy.

Contribution

It provides explicit expressions for the free energy of an atom interacting with a spherical plasma shell at finite temperature, including temperature and radius dependence.

Findings

Thermal free energy approaches zero as T^4 at low temperatures.

At high temperatures, free energy is proportional to temperature.

Entropy can be negative for large radii and low temperatures.

Abstract

The van der Waals and Casimir-Polder interaction energy of an atom with an infinitely thin sphere with finite conductivity is investigated in the framework of the hydrodynamic approach at finite temperature. This configuration models the real interaction of an atom with fullerene. The Lifshitz approach is used to find the free energy. We find the explicit expression for the free energy and perform the analysis of it for i) high and low temperatures, ii) large radii of sphere and ii) short separation between an atom and sphere. At low temperatures the thermal part of the free energy approaches zero as forth power of the temperature while for high temperatures it is proportional to the first degree of the temperature. The entropy of this system is positive for small radii of sphere and it becomes negative at low temperatures and for large radii of the sphere.