Calculations of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of LiV3O8

TL;DR

This study uses advanced computational methods to analyze the phase behavior, stability, and lithium diffusion mechanisms in LiV3O8, revealing insights into its lithiation process and the importance of electron localization.

Contribution

It introduces a DFT+U approach to accurately predict phase stability and lithium diffusion pathways in LiV3O8, improving upon previous DFT methods.

Findings

DFT+U recovers correct phase stability

Solid solution behavior observed from LiV3O8 to Li2.5V3O8

Identified lithium diffusion pathways and energies

Abstract

The phase behavior and kinetic pathways of Li1+xV3O8 are investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) and a cluster expansion (CE) methodology that approximates the system Hamiltonian in order to identify the lowest energy configurations. Although DFT calculations predict the correct ground state for a given composition, both GGA and LDA fail to obtain phase stability consistent with experiment due to strongly localized vanadium 3d electrons. A DFT+U methodology recovers the correct phase stability for an optimized U value of 3.0eV. GGA+U calculations with this value of U predict electronic structures that qualitatively agree with experiment. The resulting calculations indicate solid solution behavior from LiV3O8 to Li2.5V3O8 and two-phase coexistence between Li2.5V3O8 and Li4V3O8. Analysis of the lithiation sequence from LiV3O8 to Li2.5V3O8 reveals the mechanism by which lithium intercalation proceeds in this material. Calculations of lithium migration energies for different lithium concentrations and configurations provides insight into the relevant diffusion pathways and their relationship to structural properties.