Information communicated by entangled photon pairs

TL;DR

This paper derives an analytical expression for the mutual information in entanglement-based quantum communication, accounting for realistic experimental imperfections, and demonstrates the potential to achieve over 10 bits per photon in high-dimensional QKD protocols.

Contribution

It provides a realistic analytical framework for mutual information in entangled photon communication, applicable to optimizing quantum key distribution and entanglement characterization.

Findings

Over 10 bits per photon achievable with realistic parameters

Analytical expression for mutual information considering experimental imperfections

Application to high-dimensional time bin encoded QKD protocols

Abstract

A key goal of quantum communication is to determine the maximum number of bits shared between two quantum systems. An important example of this is in entanglement based quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. A realistic treatment of this general communication problem must take account of the nonideal nature of the entanglement source and the detectors. The aim of this paper is to give such a treatment. We obtain analytic expression for the mutual information in terms of experimental parameters. The results are applied to communication schemes that rely on spontaneous parametric down conversion to generate entangled photons. We show that our results can be applied to tasks such as calculating the optimal rate of bits per photon in high dimensional time bin encoded QKD protocols (prior to privacy amplification). A key finding for such protocols is that by using realistic experimental parameters, one can obtain over 10 bits per photon. We also show how our results can be applied to characterize the capacity of a fibre array and to quantify entanglement using mutual information.