Relativistic total cross section and angular distribution for Rayleigh scattering by atomic hydrogen

TL;DR

This paper investigates the relativistic total cross section and angular distribution of Rayleigh scattering by atomic hydrogen, highlighting the impact of higher multipole contributions on scattering asymmetry in the 0.5 to 10 keV photon energy range.

Contribution

It provides a relativistic analysis of Rayleigh scattering including non-dipole effects using advanced basis set methods, extending previous non-relativistic studies.

Findings

Angular distribution becomes asymmetric with higher multipoles.

Relativistic effects significantly influence scattering at keV energies.

Results align with previous calculations where applicable.

Abstract

We study the total cross section and angular distribution in Rayleigh scattering by hydrogen atom in the ground state, within the framework of Dirac relativistic equation and second-order perturbation theory. The relativistic states used for the calculations are obtained by making use of the finite basis set method and expressed in terms of B-splines and B-polynomials. We pay particular attention to the effects that arise from higher (non-dipole) terms in the expansion of the electron-photon interaction. It is shown that the angular distribution of scattered photons, while it is symmetric with respect to the scattering angle $\theta$=90$^\circ$ within the electric dipole approximation, becomes asymmetric when higher multipoles are taken into account. The analytical expression of the angular distribution is parametrized in terms of Legendre polynomials. Detailed calculations are performed for photons in the energy range 0.5 to 10 keV. When possible, results are compared with previous calculations.